Many of the world's most famous landmarks were all made possible with complex engineering designs. One of these most notably is the Eiffel Tower in France, which was built between 1887 and 1889 as an entrance arch for the World's Fair, in celebration for the French Revolution. Here in this article we shall look at some of the design engineering that was involved to create the now world famous tower.
The two engineers that had the idea for the Eiffel Tower was Emile Nouguier and Maurice Koechlin, they came up with the concept in June 1884 of a very tall tower. The design of the tower was to be much like a pylon, with four lattice work columns separated at the base that joined again at the top. The project was a confident one as the design wanted the tower to be at the grand height of 300 meters. On September the 18th 1884 the tower design was patented under the description 'for a new configuration allowing the construction of metal supports and pylons capable of exceeding a height of 300 metres.'
The public however were going to be a tough crowd to please for this project, so both engineers asked for the help of an architect called Stephen Sauvestre to help work on the overall appearance of the tower. The architect proposed for this grand engineering design that the legs of the monument be dressed with stonework pedestals. He also suggested a bulb-shaped design for the very top of the tower and other ornamental parts to decorate the tower. Many elements of the engineering design of the tower were simplified, but the stunning arches of the base of the tower remained.
The Eiffel Tower's engineering design also took a lot of mathematics to create, the curvature of the uprights needed to offer as much resistance as possible. At the time the tower was built many people were concerned that the tower was too daring of a shape. The tower of course needed to be strong enough to withstand the strength of the wind, which was calculated mathematically. Theories of this mathematical equation of wind resistance have been proposed throughout the years. Most recently though a theory on counterbalancing the wind point on each part of the tower, with the tension between the constructions has been looked at. The tower however does sway two to three inches in the wind.
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